Suspicious of your pots and pans? Wary of your antiperspirant? Since the 1960s, when a few studies pointed to aluminum as a possible cause of Alzheimer’s disease, the ubiquitous element got a villainous reputation it couldn’t shake—no matter how many later studies found no particular link.

Monosodium glutamate, aspartame, electric and magnetic fields, hair dyes: They’ve also seen their share of finger-pointing as possible culprits of neurological trauma. Rumors persist, but study after study fails to convict them of neurotoxic wrongdoing.

People diagnosed with a neurological disorder have many questions as they sort facts from misconceptions. We asked our neuroscience physicians, investigators, and nurses to set the record straight about diseases of the brain.

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